QV 


!  Jf 


for 
©pmasium 


LIBRARY 

OF    THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


MARCHING  FOR 
USE 


flLFRED  T.  HflLSTED,  M.  D. 


**  or  THE 
UNIVERSITY 


HEW  YORK 

THE  INTERNHTIONHL  COttAITTEE  OF  YOUNG  MEN'S 
CHRISTIAN  USSOCIHTIONS 


* 


MARCHING,    FOR    GYMNASIUM    USE. 


Alfred  T.  Halsted,  M.D. 


INTRODUCTION. 

A  tour  among  the  gymnasiums  of  our  land  would 
doubtless  reveal  as  great  diversity  in  methods  of  handling 
men  and  boys  upon  the  floor  as  in  the  character  of  the 
exercises  given.  Everything  from  the  general  rush  for 
dumb-bells  and  the  scrambling  for  "spots"  on  the  floor 
to  the  nearest  possible  approach  to  military  methods 
would  probably  be  found. 

There  is  no  questioning  the  fact  that  an  orderly  way  of 
getting  about  the  gymnasium  in  class  work  is  conducive 
to  the  best  interests  of  the  work  in  general,  favoring  dis- 
cipline, self-respect  and  good  carriage,  respect  for  the 
leader,  and  esprit  de  corps. 

It  is  desirable  that  marching  orders  in  the  gymnasium 
should  conform  as  nearly  as  practicable  to  those  used  in 
military  drill,  for  the  sake  of  uniformity,  and  to  avoid 
adverse  criticism  from  those  accustomed  to  military 
tactics. 

Certain  modifications  and  peculiarities  are  necessary  or 
desirable,  however,  to  meet  the  need  of  the  gymnasium. 
Where  such  changes  are  made  it  is  well  to  make  them 
agree  as  nearly  as  possible  with  the  military  form.  The 
writer  is  indebted  to  "Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  U.  S. 
Army,"  for  much  of  the  material  from  which  this  arrange- 
ment is  compiled. 

The  company  formation  with  officers  is  not  followed. 
In  forming  the  line  it  is  formed  single  in  depth,  and  every 
man  is  as  a  private  in  the  ranks. 


142489 


It  is  hoped  that  what  follows  will  prove  helpful  to  many 
who  wish  to  improve  in  their  floor  methods. 

DAILY  MARCHING  PROGRAMS. 

For  convenience  commands  are  here  arranged  in  short 
programs,  somewhat  progressive  in  the  order  given,  each 
including  a  method  of  getting  on  the  floor  in  position  for 
calisthenic  work,  and  getting  off  to  put  up  apparatus. 

The  end  of  the  line  at  which  the  shorter  men  shall  be 
placed  and  from  which  the  counting  off  shall  begin,  the 
direction  of  the  facings,  and  the  changes  of  direction 
commanded  while  marching,  must  necessarily  be  varied 
according  to  the  arrangement  and  size  of  the  gymnasium. 

If  a  command  involving  change  in  the  formation  of  the 
column  is  given  when  the  column  is  executing  a  change  of 
direction,  it  may  be  preferable  to  follow  the  general  rule 
that  the  second  command  shall  not  be  executed  by  the 
rear  of  the  column  till  the  turn  is  made.  This  avoids 
much  confusion  at  the  turn. 

PROGRAM  I. 

1.  FALL   IN    COLUMN. 

2.  ATTENTION. 

3.  i.  Left  (or  right),     2.  FACE.. 

4.  i.  Break  ranks,     2.  MARCH. 

5.  FALL    IN    LINE. 

6.  FRONT. 

7.  Count  off  by  fours,  from  right  (or  left)  flank. 

8.  i.  Front  take  distance,     2.     MARCH. 

9.  i.  Assemble,     2.  MARCH. 

10.  i.  Right  hand,     2.  SALUTE. 

11.  i.  Break  ranks,     2.     MARCH. 

EXPLANATIONS. 

I .  Fall  in  column.  The  men  form  in  single  column,  that 
is,  one  behind  another  according  to  height,  the  shortest  man 


at  the  head  of  the  column,  each  placing  his  hands  on  the 
shoulders  of  the  man  before  him  with  arms  straight  and 
standing  perfectly  erect.  This  places  the  taller  men  in  the 
rear,  which  is  preferable  in  arranging  the  men  on  the  floor 
for  calisthenic  work. 

2.  Attention.     Each  man  drops  his  arms  to  his  sides 
and  takes  the  position  of  the  soldier  as  follows :     Heels 
on  the  same  line  and  as  near  each  other  as  the  conforma- 
tion   of   the   man  permits;  feet  turned  out  equally  and 
forming  with  each  other  an  angle  of  about  ninety  degrees; 
knees  straight  and  without  stiffness;  body  erect  on  the 
hips,  inclining  a  little  forward,  shoulders  square  and  fall- 
ing equally;  arms  and  hands  hanging  naturally,  backs  of 
the  hands  outward,   elbows  near  the  body;    head  erect 
and  square  to  the  front,  chin  slightly  drawn  in,  without 
restraint ;  eyes  straight  to  the  front. 

3.  i.  Left  (or  right},   2.  FACE.   The  Swedish  method 
of   facing   is   used,   as  it  gives  better  base  and  greater 
steadiness. 

To  face  to  the  left,  make  a  quarter  turn  on  the  left  heel 
and  the  ball  or  toe  of  the  right  foot,  lift  the  right  foot  and 
place  it  beside  the  left;  to  turn  to  the  right,  make  a 
quarter  turn  on  the  right  heel  and  the  ball  of  the  left  foot, 
lift  the  left  foot  and  place  beside  the  right. 

About,  FACE,  means  a  half  turn  to  the  right,  executed 
as  above. 

Left  about,  FACE,  means  a  half  turn  to  the  left. 

4.  i.  Break  ranks,      2.  MARCH.     At  the  command 
March  the  line  is  broken,  the  company  being  dismissed. 

5.  Fall  in  line.     This  is  the  "  Fall  In  "  of  U.S.  Tactics, 
but  the  word  "line  "is  added  to  distinguish  it  from  the 
column  formation.     Each  man  takes  his  place  according 
to  height,  in  "  dress  "  position,  as  follows,  the  short  men 
being  on  the  right  flank  : 

Close  the  left  hand,  place  the  knuckles  against  the 
waist  just  above  the  hip,  wrist  straight,  back  of  hand  to 


the  front.  The  eyes  should  be  turned  slightly  to  the  right, 
and  each  man  should  either  move  by  short  side  steps  to 
the  right  till  he  touches  the  elbow  of  his  neighbor,  or 
give  way  from  that  direction  till  there  is  no  crowding,  and 
retain  his  position  till  the  next  command,  which  should 
always  be  Front.  If  the  short  men  are  on  the  left  flank, 
the  line  is  dressed  to  the  left,  the  left  hand  being  on  the 
hip  as  before. 

6.  Front.     Each  man  drops  his  arm  to  his  side  and 
turns  jiis  eyes  to  the  front. 

7.  Counting  off.     Each  man  should  turn  his  head  as  he 
speaks   his   number,    thus   giving  the   clue   to   his   next 
neighbor,  immediately  turning  to  the  front  again.     Count 
off  from  the  flank  on  which  the  shorter  men  are  ranged. 

8.  i.  Front  take  distance,      2.  MARCH.      What  the 
intervals  shall  be  in  this  command  is  determined  by  the 
arrangement   of   the   men.     If   in   line,  as  in   this   case, 
numbers  I    remain  in  place,  numbers  2  take  four  steps, 
numbers  3  take  two  steps,  and  numbers  4  take  six  steps. 

At  the  command  March  all  move  forward,  except  num- 
bers i,  each  stopping  when  he  has  taken  his  number  of 
steps.  If  desired,  numbers  i  and  3  may  be  given  one  side 
step  to  the  left,  when  they  v/ill  be  immediately  behind 
numbers  2  and  4. 

The  shape  of  the  gymnasium  will  determine  the  best 
number  in  which  to  count  off  and  the  best  intervals  to  be 
given.  If  the  gymnasium  is  narrow  and  the  leader  is  at 
the  end,  it  is  well  to  form  the  line  along  the  side,  and  after 
taking  intervals,  face  them  toward  the  platform. 

9.  i.  Assemble,      2.  MARCH.      Those   in    the   front 
rank  stand  fast ;  the  others  move  forward  to  their  place 
in  the  line.     If  preferred,  each  line  may  wait  until  those 
behind  have  come  abreast. 

10.  i.  Right  hand,     2.  SALUTE.      Raise    the   right 
hand  smartly  till  the  forefinger  touches  the  forehead  or 
the  lower  part   of   the  head-dress  above  the  right  eye, 


thumb  and  fingers  extended  and  joined,  palm  to  the  left, 
forearm  inclined  at  about  forty-five  degrees,  hand  and 
wrist  straight.  At  the  command  two  (2)  the  arm  is 
dropped  quietly  to  the  side. 

In  the  use  of  these  programs  where  two  directions  are 
given,  one  in  parenthesis,  the  first  right  through  will  pre- 
serve the  order  of  the  line. 

The  different  commands  may  be  repeated  for  practice, 
in  which  case  the  order  of  the  program  should  be  re- 
sumed, in  order  to  work  it  out  right. 

There  are  two  kinds  of  commands  : 

The  preparatory  command,  such  as  forward,  indicates 
the  movement  that  is  to  be  executed. 

The  command  of  execution,  such  as  MARCH  or  HALT, 
calls  for  the  execution. 

Commands  of  execution  are  distinguished  by  CAP- 
ITALS. 

The  preparatory  command  should  be  given  at  such  an 
interval  of  time  before  the  command  of  execution  as  to 
admit  of  its  being  properly  understood ;  the  command  of 
execution  should  be  given  at  the  instant  the  movement  is 
to  commence. 

The  tone  of  command  is  animated,  distinct,  and  of  a 
loudness  proportioned  to  the  number  of  men  under  in- 
struction. 

Each  preparatory  command  is  pronounced  in  an  ascend- 
ing tone  of  voice,  but  always  in  such  a  manner  that  the 
command  of  execution  may  be  more  energetic  and 
elevated. 

The  command  of  exectition  is  pronounced  in  a  firm  and 
brief  tone. 

When  the  execution  of  a  movement  is  improperly 
begun  and  the  instructor  wishes  to  begin  it  anew  for  the 
purpose  of  correcting  it,  he  commands,  AS  YOU  WERE, 
at  which  the  movement  ceases  and  the  former  position  is 
resumed. 


PROGRAM  II. 

1.  FALL    IN    LINE.     (Si) 

2.  FRONT.     (82) 

3.  Count  off  by  fours,  from  right  (or  left)  flank.     (82) 

4.  i.  Right,     2.  FACE.     (81) 

5.  i.  Forward,     2.  MARCH. 

6.  i.  Column  left  (or  right),     2.  MARCH. 

7.  i.  Column  left  (or  right)  about,     2.  MARCH. 

8.  i.    Form    twos,      2.    Right    (or   left)    oblique,      3. 

MARCH. 

9.  i.  Left  (or  right)  by  file,     2.  MARCH. 

10.  i.  Mark  time,     2.  MARCH. 

11.  i.  Company,     2.  HALT. 

12.  i.  Left  (or  right),     2.  FACE. 

13.  i.  Front  take  distance,     2.  MARCH.    (82) 

14.  i.  Assemble,     2.  MARCH.     (82) 

EXPLANATIONS. 

^Explanations  which  have  already  been  given  will  be 
referred  to  by  page,  to  save  space,  thus:  (82). 

5.  i.  Forward,  2.  MARCH.  March  straight  forward, 
advancing  the  left  foot  first,  taking  steps  thirty  inches  in 
length,  at  the  rate  of  from  100  to  120  per  minute;  the 
latter  is  the  cadence  of  "  quick  time,"  U.  S.  Army. 

Care  should  be  taken  to  have  every  man  start  at  the 
same  instant,  at  the  command  March,  and  that  when 
marching  in  column  of  files,  the  uniform  distance  of  arms 
length  between  the  men  be  retained. 

^-6.  i.'  Column  left  (or  right),  2.  MARCH.  The  lead- 
ing man  wheels  to  the  left  (or  right),  the  other  men  follow 
the  first  and  wheel  on  the  same  ground.  This  must  be 
put  in  whenever  necessary  to  turn  corners. 

When  turning  to  the  left,  the  command  March  should 
be  given  as  the  left  foot  of  the  leader  strikes  the  floor; 
the  right  is  then  advanced,  the  turn  is  made  on  the  balls 


of  both  feet,  and  the  left  foot  is  advanced  in  the  new 
direction.     The  reverse  is  observed  in  turning  to  the  right. 

7.  i.  Column  left  (or  right]  about,     2.  MARCH.     Ex- 
ecuted as  above,  except  that  the  leader  wheels  in  a  short 
half -circle  and  marches  in  the  opposite  direction;    those 
following  wheel  on  the  same  spot. 

8.  i.  Form  twos,    2.  Right  (or  left}  oblique,    3.  MARCH. 
At    the    command  March,  numbers   I   and    3  take  short 
steps,  or,  if  room  is  limited,  mark  time,  till  numbers  2  and 
4  have  obliqued  to  their  sides,  respectively,  in  the  direction 
commanded,  when  the  march  is  resumed  by  twos. 

9.  i.   Left  (or  right}    by  file,      2.    MARCH.      At   the 
command  March  the  left  (or  right)  man  moves  forward, 
the  other  marking  time  till  disengaged,  when  he  obliques 
into  line  behind  the  others  to  form  column  of  "files  ''  or 
single  column.     Each  man  must  regulate  his  step  so  as  to 
keep  within  arm's  length  of  the  next  man  ahead.     Com- 
mand so  as  to  bring  number  i  at  the  head  of  the  column. 

10.  i.  Mark  time,     2.    MARCH.     At   the   command 
March,  given  as  either  foot  is  coming  to  the  floor,  con- 
tinue the  cadence  and  make  a  semblance  of  marching, 
without   gaining   ground,  by  alternately  advancing   each 
foot  about  half  its  length,  and   bringing  it  back  on  the 
line  with  the  other. 

To  resume  the  full  step  :     i.  Forward,     2.  MARCH. 

11.  i.   Company,     2.  HALT.     At  the  command  Halt, 
given  as  either  foot  is  coming  to  the  floor,  one  full  step  is 
taken  and  the  rear  foot  is  then  brought  up  and  planted 
without  shock  by  the  side  of  the  other. 

In  this  and  in  succeeding  series  dumb-bells  or  other 
apparatus  may  be  taken  while  marching  in  column  of  files, 
in  which  case  the  command  Short  Step  (fifteen  inches)  may 
be  given,  to  give  time  to  get  apparatus  and  close  up  to 
proper  distance. 

At  the  end,  if  hand  apparatus  has  been  taken,  a  facing 
command  may  be  given,  followed  by  marching  commands 


for  putting  away  apparatus.     Otherwise,  Salute  and  Break 
ranks  may  be  given. 

PROGRAM  III. 

1.  FALL  IN  LINE.     (81) 

2.  FRONT.     (82) 

3.  Count  off  by  fours.     (82) 

4.  i.  Twos  right  (or  left),     2.  MARCH. 

5.  i.  Column  left  (or  right),     2.  MARCH. 

6.  i.  Column  left  (or  right)  about,     2.  MARCH. 

7.  i.  Column  right,     2.  MARCH. 

8.  i.  Form  fours,      2.    Left    (or   right)  oblique,      3. 

MARCH. 

9.  i.  Right  (or  left)  by  twos,     2.  MARCH. 

10.  i.  Right  (or  left)  by  file,     2.  MARCH.     (85) 

11.  i.  Company,     2.  HALT. 

12.  i.  Left  (or  right),     2.  FACE.     (Si) 

13.  i.  Front  take  distance,     2.  MARCH.    (82) 

14.  i.  Assemble,     2.  MARCH.     (82) 

EXPLANATIONS. 

4.  I.    Twos  right  (or  left},     2.  MARCH.     In  executing 
twos   right,  numbers  i   and  3  are  pivot  men,  and  mark 
time,  turning  by  short  steps  to  a  right  face  from  previous 
position,  numbers  2  and  4  wheeling  round  by  regulation 
steps  to  face  in  the  new  direction,  keeping  his  "dress'' 
distance  with  the  man  at  his  side.     In  executing   twos 
left,  numbers  2  and  4  are  pivot  men.     The  twos  having 
wheeled  through  a  quarter  circle,  the  column  of  twos  thus 
formed  marches  straight  forward  till  further  command  is 
given. 

5.  I.    Column  left  (or  righf],     2.    MARCH.     At    the 
command  March  the  leading  two  execute  the  change  of 
direction  as  in  twos  right  (or  left),  each  succeeding  two 
wheeling  on  the  same  ground. 


6.  i.  Column  left  (or  right)  about,  2.  MARCH.  The 
pivot  acts  as  a  movable  pivot  in  this  case,  turning  by  short 
steps  through  half  of  a  small  circle  (twenty  inches);  the 
man  on  the  marching  flank,  as  the  end  of  a  line  describing 
the  larger  circle  is  called,  takes  regulation  steps,  the  pivot 
turning  slowly  to  face  around  with  him.  Having  faced  in 
the  opposite  direction,  the  head  of  the  column  moves  off 
in  the  new  direction,  each  succeeding  two  wheeling  on  the 
same  ground. 

8.  i.  Form  fours,  2.  Left  (or  right)  oblique,  3.  MARCH. 
At  the  command  March  the  leading  two  of  each  four  take 
short  steps ;  the  rear  two  oblique  in  the  direction  com- 
manded till  they  uncover  the  forward  two,  when  they  move 
to  the  front.  The  four  being  formed,  the  regulation  step 
is  resumed.  (Fig.  I.) 

mvf :  "• 
9~  *r-  •• 


IV,.. 

9.  I.  Right  (or  left)  by  twos,  2.  MARCH.  The  two 
on  the  side  indicated  in  the  command  move  straight  for- 
ward ;  the  remaining  two  mark  time  till  disengaged,  when 
they  oblique  into  their  place  behind  the  others. 

Oblique  Marching.  Each  man  half  faces  to  side  indi- 
cated, at  the  same  time  stepping  in  the  new  direction. 
He  preserves  his  relative  position,  keeping  his  shoulders 
parallel  with  those  of  the  man  at  his  side,  and  so  regulates 
his  step  as  to  keep  a  line  drawn  through  him  and  the  man 
at  his  side  parallel  with  such  a  line  drawn  when  marching 
forward,  abreast.  (See  A  B,  Fig.  2.) 


The  file  lines  from  front  to  rear  should  be  straight  and 
parallel  with  the  original  line  of  march.  (See  C  D,  Fig.  2.) 

At  the  command  Forward^  AIARCH,  each  man  half 
faces  to  the  direction  from  which  he  turned  and  the 
original  direction  is  taken. 


c 

» 

\<^<\<r\ 

/'               / 

^^^^ 
^^^ 

y^><> 

1  1  1   1   \     ] 

i    i    i    i    \7* 

t            C 

Zl 

/'     .    . 

(fill 

9 

i    i    ]    I    1 

l    i    i    I    I 

Fig.  2. 

PROGRAM  IV. 

1.  FALL  IN  COLUMN.     (So) 

2.  ATTENTION. 

3.  i.  Left,     2.  FACE. 

4.  Count  off  by  fours. 

5.  i.  Fours  right  (or  left),        2.  MARCH. 

6.  i.  Column  left  (or  right),    2.  MARCH. 

7.  i.  Right  (or  left)  by  file,    2..  MARCH. 

8.  i.  Company,     2.  HALT. 


9.     i.  Left  (or  right),     2.  FACE. 

10.  i.  Front  take  distance,     2.    MARCH. 

11.  i.  Assemble,  2.  MARCH. 

EXPLANATIONS. 

5.  i.  Fours  right  (or  left],  2.  MARCH.  Each  four 
wheel  ninety  degrees  to  the  right  (or  left)  on  a  fixed  pivot, 
the  pivot  turning  strictly  in  his  place.  The  man  on  the 
marching  flank  maintains  the  full  step,  moving  on  the  arc 
of  a  circle  with  the  pivot  man  as  a  center.  The  men  dress 
on  the  marching  flank,  shorten  their  steps  according  to 
their  distance  from  it,  and  keep  their  intervals  from  the 
pivot.  Having  executed  the  quarter  turn,  the  column  of 
fours  thus  formed  marches  forward  till  another  command 
is  given.  (Fig.  3.) 


Fig.  3- 

6.  i.   Column  left  (or  right},     2.  MARCH.     The  lead- 
ing four  execute  a  turn  of  ninety  degrees  in  the  direction 
indicated,  as  described  above ;  the  rest  wheel  on  the  same 
ground. 

7.  i.  Right  (or  left]  by  file,     2.  MARCH.     Executed 
as  from  twos.  .  (85) 

PROGRAM   V. 

1.  FALL  IN  LINE. 

2.  FRONT. 

3.  Count  off  double  ones  and  twos. 


4.  i.  Right  (or  left),     2.  FACE.     (81) 

5.  !.  Forward,     2.  MARCH.     (84) 

6.  i.    Form   twos,     2.    Left    (or   right)    oblique,     3. 

MARCH.     (85) 

7.  Bring  column  up  facing  platform. 

8.  i.  Open  order,     2.  MARCH. 

9.  i.  Close  order,     2.  MARCH. 

10.  i.  Forward,  2.  Column  left  (or  right),   3.  MARCH. 

11.  i.  Right  (or  left)  by  file,     2.  MARCH. 

EXPLANATIONS. 

3.  Count  off  double  ones  and  twos.  The  first  two  take 
the  number  one ;  the  third  and  fourth,  two  ;  the  fifth  and 
sixth,  one,  etc. 

8.  i.  Open  order,     2.  MARCH.     This   is    a   Swedish 
method,  and  either  as  given  here  or  as  will  be  given  later 
is  a  very  good  one.     At  first,  to  secure  precision  of  execu- 
tion, count  one,  two,  three,  after  giving  the  command. 

1.  All  take  one  side  step  outward. 

2.  All  take  one  side  step  outward. 

3.  Numbers  i  take  one  side  step  to  the  left,  num- 

bers 2  one  side  step  to  the  right. 

9.  i.  Close  order,     2.  MARCH.     Count  as  in  No.  8, 
one,  two,  three,  till  precision  is  obtained. 

1.  Ones,  one  step  to  right,  twos,  one  step  to  left. 

2.  All  one  step  inward. 

3.  All  one  step  inward. 

10.  \.Forward,  2..  Column  left  (or  right),    3.  MARCH. 
This  command  puts  the  column  in  motion  and  changes 
direction  at  the  same  time. 

PROGRAM  VI. 

1.  FALL  IN  COLUMN. 

2.  ATTENTION. 

3.  Count  off  triple  ones  and  twos. 

4.  i.  Right  (or  left),     2.  FACE. 


5-     i.    Forward,      2.    Column   left    (or   right)    about, 
3.  MARCH.     (85  and  87) 

6.  i.  Column  right  (or  left),     2.  MARCH. 

7.  i.    Form  threes,      2.    Right  (or  left)  oblique,      3. 

MARCH. 

8.  Bring  up  facing  platform. 

9.  i.  Open  order,     2.  MARCH. 

10.  i.  Close  order,     2.  MARCH. 

11.  i.  Forward,   2.  Column  left  (or  right),    3.  MARCH. 

12.  i.  Left  (or  right)  by  file,     2.  MARCH. 

EXPLANATIONS. 

3.  Count  off  triple  ones  and  twos.  First  three  number  I, 
second  three  number  2,  etc. 

7.  Forming  threes.  Executed  as  in  forming  twos  and 
fours. 

9.  I.  Open  order,     2.  MARCH.     On  counts  one,  two, 
and  three,  the  middle  column  stands  fast,  while  the  rest 
take  one  step  outward. 

On  count  four,  ones  take  one  step  left,  twos  one  step 
right. 

This  will  place  the  men  as  follows : 

I  i  i 

222 
I  I  I 

222 

10.  i.   Close  order,     2.  MARCH.     On  count  one,  ones 
take  one  step  right,  twos  one  step  left. 

On  counts  two,  three  and  four,  the  middle  column 
stands  fast,  while  the  rest  take  one  step  inward. 

PROGRAM  VII. 

1.  FALL  IN  COLUMN. 

2.  ATTENTION. 

3.  i.  Left  (or  right),     2.  FACE. 


4.  Count  off  by  fours. 

5.  i.  Fours  right  (or  left),     2.  MARCH.     (89) 

6.  i.  Column  left  (or  right),     2.  MARCH.     (89) 

7.  i.  By  the  left  (or  right)  flank,     2.  MARCH. 
Repeat  for  practice,  and  from  column  of  fours  give 


8. 
9- 

10. 
1 1. 

12. 


i.  Right  (or  left)  by  file,     2.  MARCH, 
i.  Fours  by  the  left  (or  right)  flank,     2.  Take  in- 
tervals,    3.  MARCH.  • 
i.  Right,     2.  FACE. 

i.  Forward,     2.  Close  order,     3.  MARCH, 
i.  Column  left  about,     2.  MARCH. 

EXPLANATIONS. 


7 .  i .  By  the  lejt  (or  right]  flank,  2 .  MA  R  CH.  A t  the 
command  March,  given  as  the  left  foot  strikes  the  ground 
for  left  flank,  or  as  the  right  foot  strikes  the  ground  for 
right  flank,  advance  the  other  foot,  turn  in  the  direction 
indicated,  on  the  balls  of  both  feet,  and  step  off  in  the 
new  direction  with  the  foot  on  the  side  to  which  the  flank 
movement  is  to  be  executed.  Give  the  same  command, 
with  the  opposite  direction,  to  resume  column  of  fours. 
(Fig.  4.) 


o 

n 


00 

1=1      CH 


a 
a 


anno 
a    n    a    a 


Fig.  4. 


9.  I.  Fours  by  the  left  (or  right]  flank,  2.  Take  inter- 
vals, 3.  MARCH.  This  command  may  be  given  when 
the  men  are  marching  in  column  of  files  across  the  gym- 
nasium on  the  side  opposite  the  platform,  to  bring  them 
toward  the  platform  for  calisthenic  work.  The  prepara- 
tory command  must  be  given-  at  such  time  that  the  com- 
mand of  execution  may  be  given  as  the  first  four  are  just 
opposite  the  platform.  The  four  will  execute  the  flank 
movement  as  taught  under  No.  7  of  this  series. 

The  "intervals,"  in  this  case,  will  be  a  space  of  from  six 
to  seven  feet  between  each  two  men,  and  may  be  taken 
by  raising  the  arms  to  side  horizontal  and  allowing  from 
six  inches  to  a  foot  between  the  outstretched  hands.  The 
men  spread  out  as  they  march  toward  the  platform.  Only 
the  command  MARCH  need  .be  repeated  for  succeeding 
fours  to  indicate  when  the  flank  turn  is  to  be  made.  They 
then  spread  out,  dressing  behind  the  front  rank,  at  an  in- 
terval of  six  to  seven  feet  behind  them.  (Fig.  5.) 


\  »  / 

\     \  / 

?  N1?*  »9/   5 

\        %    *  \  t  i    /        / 

\   \\  \  /  //  / 


Fig.  5, 


i8 


If  desired,  the  men  may  be  commanded  to  count  off  by 
fives  and  fours,  and  the  fours  instructed  to  dress  in  the 
intervals  between  the  fives,  thus : 

543^1 

432i 

54321 

4321 

11.  I.    Forward,     2.    Close  order,     3.    MARCH.     At 
the  command  March  the  head  of  each  column  of  files 
marks  time,  while  those  behind  close  to  arm's  length,  when 
all  mark  time  till  the  next  command  is  given. 

12.  i.    Column  left  about,      2.   MARCH.      When  ar- 
ranged in  this  manner  this  command  is  to  be  executed  as 
follows :   The  column  on  the  left  executes  left  about,  and 
each  column  on  the  right  successively  falls  into  place  in 
the  rear  of  the  forming  column-of-the-whole. 

PROGRAM  VIII. 

1.  FALL    IX    LINE. 

2.  FRONT. 

3.  Count  off  by  fours. 

4.  i.  Fours  left  (or  right),     2.  MARCH. 

5.  i.  Company,     2.  HALT. 

6.  i.  Right,     2.  FACE. 

7.  i.  Front  take  distance,     2.  MARCH. 

8.  i.  Twos  and  fours  two  side  steps  to  right  (or  left), 

2.  MARCH. 

9.  i.  Twos  and  fours  two  side  steps  to  left  (or  right), 

2.  MARCH. 

10.  i.  Forward,     2.  Close  order,     3.  MARCH. 

11.  i.  Column  right  (or  left),     2.  MARCH. 

EXPLANATIONS. 

5.  I.  Company,  2.  HALT.  Given  when  fours  come 
to  an  angle  of  ninety  degrees  from  original  position. 


7-  I.  Front  taJ:e  distance,  2.  MARCH.  When  in 
this  position  this  command  means  that  the  forward  man 
shall  take  six  paces,  the  next  four,  the  next  two,  and 
the  last  remain  in  place  ;  or  such  similar  intervals  as  the 
dimensions  of  the  gymnasium  make  desirable. 

8  and  9.  These  are  self-explanatory,  the  latter  to  be 
given  after  calisthenic  work. 

ii.  i.  Column  right  (or  left],  2.  MARCH.  To  be 
executed  like  No.  12,  page  94. 

In  place  of  this  way  of  getting  into  march,  after  No. 
10  has  been  executed  and  Halt  called,  Left  (or  right) 
Face  may  be  given,  followed  by  Fours  right  (or  left) 
March,  and  Company,  Halt,  as  they  come  into  line.  A 
facing  command  will  then  form  the  column. 

PROGRAM  IX. 


I. 

FALL    IN    LINE. 

2. 

FRONT. 

3- 

Count  off  by  fours. 

4- 

i.  Right  forward,     2.  Fours  right,     3. 

MARCH. 

5- 

i.  Right  by  file,     2.  MARCH. 

6. 

i.  Form  fours,  2.  Left  (or  right)  oblique, 

3.  MARCH. 

7- 

i.  To  the  right  (or  left)  take  intervals, 

2.  MARCH. 

8. 

i.  To  the  left  (or  right)  assemble,     2. 

MARCH. 

9.     Put  in  column  of  files  in  any  way  desired. 

EXPLANATIONS. 

4.  i.  Right  forward,  2.  Fours  right,  3.  MARCH. 
At  the  command  MARCH  the  right  four  moves  straight 
to  the  front,  shortening  the  first  three  or  four  steps ;  the 
other  fours  wheel  to  the  right,  each  on  a  fixed  pivot,  the 
second  four,  when  its  wheel  is  two-thirds  completed, 
wheels  to  the  left  on  a  movable  pivot,  and  follows  the 
first;  the  other  fours,  having  wheeled  to  the  right,  move 


forward,  and  each  wheels  to  the  left  on  a  movable  pivot 
to  follow  the  second. 


v 


IT  I 


i   i  i 


Fig.  6. 


6.  i.  Form  fours,  2..  Left  (or  right}  oblique,  3.  MARCH. 
In  forming  fours  from  column  of  files,  No.   i  or  No.  4, 
whichever  may  be  the  leading  man  of  each  four,  marks 
time  till  the  others  of  the  four  are  abreast,  when  the  full 
step  is  resumed. 

7.  i.    To  the  right  (or  left]  take  intervals,     2.  MARCH. 
Having  brought  the  column  of  fours  up  to  the  side  of  the 
room  and  halted  them,  and  having  assigned  to  the  three 
men  on  the  side  toward  which  the  movement  is  to  be  ex- 
ecuted  the  intervals,  9,  6,  and  3  paces,  or  12,  8,  and  4 
paces,  the  above  command  is  executed  as  follows :  at  the 
command  March  the  three  men  who  are  to  take  intervals 
turn  and  march,  each  his  required  distance,  and  then  face 
forward  ;  the  fourth  man  remains  in  place. 

8.  i.    To   the  left  (or  right}  assemble,      2.    MARCH. 
This  is  executed  the  reverse  of  the  above.     The  man  on 
the  side  to  which  the  men  are  commanded  to  assemble 
stands  fast;  the  rest  turn,  on  the  command  March,  move 
to  within  facing  distance,  and  face  forward. 


PROGRAM  X. 

1.  FALL  IN  LINE. 

2.  FRONT. 

3.  i.  Forward,    2.  Guide  right  (or  left),    3.  MARCH. 

4.  i.  Fours  right  (or  left),     2.  MARCH. 

5.  i.  Fours  left  (or  right)  about,     2.  MARCH. 

6.  i.  Fours  right,     2.  MARCH,     3.  Guide  right  (or 

left). 

7.  i.  To  the  rear,     2.  MARCH. 

8.  i.  By  the  left  flank,     2.  MARCH. 

9.  i.  Company,     2.  HALT. 

10.  i.  Front  take  distance,     2.  MARCH 

n.  i.  Assemble,     2.  MARCH. 


EXPLANATIONS. 

3.  I.  Forward,     2.   Guide  right  (or  left},     3.  MARCH. 
The  men  step  off,  the  guide  marching  straight  to  the 
front.     The  men  preserve  their  intervals  toward  the  side 
of  the  guide,  yielding  to  pressure  from  that  side  and  re- 
sisting pressure  from  the  opposite  direction.     While  habit- 
ually keeping  the  head  to  the  front,  they  may  occasion- 
ally glance  toward  the  side  of  the  guide  to  preserve  align- 
ment and  intervals.     The  head  is  turned  as  little  as  pos- 
sible for  this  purpose. 

4.  i.    'Fours  right   (or  left],     2.    MARCH.      Having 
turned  through  ninety  degrees,  the  column  of  fours  thus 
formed  marches  straight  forward. 

5.  i.  Fours  left  (or  right]  about,     2.  MARCH.     Each 
four  turns  through  a  half  circle  on  a  fixed  pivot,  and  the 
column  of  fours  thus  formed  in  reversed  order  marches 
straight  forward. 

6.  I.  Fours   right,     2.  MARCH,     3.   Guide    right   (or 
left}.     The  guide  is  announced  as   the  fours  come  into 
line. 


22 


7-  i.  To  the  rear,  2.  MARCH.  At  the  command 
March,  given  as  the  right  foot  strikes  the  ground,  advance 
and  plant  the  left ;  then  turn  on  the  balls  of  both  feet, 
face  to  the  right  about,  and  immediately  step  off  with  the 
left  foot. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Following  are  a  few  commands  which  may  be  needed 
or  desired  occasionally,  but  which  have  been  given  no 
special  place  in  the  "  Daily  Programs." 

I.  Short  step,  2.  MARCH.  Take  steps  of  fifteen 
inches.  The  full  step  is  resumed  at  the  commands  i. 
Forward,  2.  MARCH. 

i.  Backward,  2.  MARCH.  Step  back  with  the  left 
foot  fifteen  inches  straight  to  the  rear,  measuring  from 
heel  to  heel,  then  with  the  right  foot,  and  so  on,  the  feet 
alternating. 

i.  Left  (or  right}  step,  2.  MARCH.  Carry  the  left 
foot  twelve  inches  to  the  left,  keeping  knees  straight  and 
shoulders  square  to  the  front.  As  soon  as  the  left  foot  is 
planted  bring  the  right  foot  to  the  side  of  it,  and  con- 
tinue the  movement,  observing  the  cadence  for  each  foot, 
as  for  quick  time. 

i.  Change  step,  2.  MARCH.  Given  when  in  march. 
At  the  command  March,  given  as  the  right  foot  comes  to 
the  floor,  the  left  foot  is  advanced  and  planted.  The  toe 
of  the  right  is  then  advanced  near  the  heel  of  the  left,  the 
man  again  stepping  off  with  the  left.  The  change  on  the 
right  foot  is  similarly  executed,  the  command  March  being 
given  as  the  left  foot  strikes  the  floor. 

When  men  are  seen  to  be  out  of  step,  the  command 
Step  is  given.  The  step  is  then  taken  from  the  head  of  the 
column,  those  out  of  step  catching  the  step  as  indicated 
above. 

I.  On  tiptoe,  2.  MARCH.  This  is  convenient  some- 
times for  exercise  of  calf  muscles  or  to  correct  heavy,  flat- 
footed  marching.  It  needs  no  explanation. 


I.  Right  (or  left]  side  skip,  2.  MARCH.  This  may  be 
given  with  the  run  on  a  running  track  or  in  the  field  for 
vigorous  exercise  and  to  develop  the  muscles  of  the  side 
and  inner  thighs. 

Turn,  facing  at  right  angles  to  the  direction  in  which 
the  skip  is  to  be  executed,  for  example,  to  the  right; 
spring  sideways  thirty-six  inches  or  more,  landing  on  the 
ball  of  the  right  foot,  the  knee  bending  sufficiently  for  a 
springy  movement.  Spring  again  to  the  right,  bringing 
the  left  down  in  the  place  of  the  right  as  the  right  is  car- 
ried to  the  side  in  the  next  skip.  From  eighty  to  one 
hundred  skips  per  minute  is  a  good  rate. 

Quick  time.  This  is  the  usual  cadence,  120  steps,  of 
thirty  inches  each,  per  minute. 

Double  time.  One  hundred  and  eighty  steps,  of  thirty- 
six  inches  each,  per  minute.  Command,  I.  Forward, 
2.  Double  time,  3.  MARCH.  At  the  command  Forward 
throw  the  weight  of  the  body  on  the  right  leg;  at  the 
command  Double  time  raise  the  hands  till  the  forearms 
are  horizontal,  fingers  closed,  nails  toward  the  body, 
elbows  to  the  rear. 

At  the  command  March  carry  forward  the  left  foot,  leg 
slightly  bent,  knee  somewhat  raised,  and  plant  the  foot 
thirty-six  inches  from  the  right;  continue  this  alternate 
movement  of  the  feet,  throwing  the  weight  of  the  body 
forward,  and  allowing  a  natural  swinging  motion  of  the 
arms.  To  resume  ordinary  cadence,  command  i.  Quick 
time,  2.  MARCH. 

FIELD  DRILL. 

The  following  is  a  drill  which  may  be  used  as  arranged, 
when  there  is  room  for  more  extended  manoeuvers,  as  in 
a  field.  It  is  based  on  the  same  formation  as  already 
given  for  use  in  the  gymnasium,  and  is  only  an  extension 
of  gymnasium  tactics,  which  may  be  of  use  sometimes  in 
place  of  regular  military  formation  and  training. 


Only  such  explanations  as  have  not  already  been  given 
will  be  included  here. 

1.  FALL  IN  COLUMN. 

2.  ATTENTION. 

3.  i.  Left  (or  right),     2.  FACE,  or 

1.  FALL  IN. 

2.  i.  Right  (or  left),     2.  DRESS. 

3.  FRONT. 

4.  Count  off  by  fours  (from  right  flank). 

5.  i.  Right,     2.  FACE. 

6.  i.  Mark  time,     2.  MARCH. 

7.  i.  Forward,     2.  MARCH. 

8.  i.  Column  left  (or  right),     2.  MARCH. 

9.  i.  Column  left  (or  right)  about,     2.  MARCH. 

10.     i.  Form    twos,      2.    Left    (or    right)    oblique,      3. 

MARCH. 
IT.     Changes  of  direction  in  column  of  twos. 

12.  i.    Form   fours,     2.    Left    (or   right)    oblique,     3. 

MARCH. 

13.  i.  Column  left  (or  right),     2.  MARCH. 

14.  i.  Change  step,     2.  MARCH. 

15.  i.  Right  (or  left)  by  twos,     2.  MARCH. 

1 6.  i.  Right  (or  left)  by  file,     2.  MARCH. 

17.  i.  Form    fours,      2.   Left   (or   right)    oblique,     3. 

MARCH. 

18.  i.  Incline  to  the  left  (or  right),     2.  MARCH. 

19.  T.  Forward,     2.  MARCH. 

20.  i.  Left  (or  right)  oblique,     2.  MARCH. 

21.  i.  Forward,     2.  MARCH. 

22.  i.  Column  half  left  (or  right),     2.  MARCH.    (Re- 

peat.) 

23.  i.  By  the  left  (or  right)  flank,     2.  MARCH. 

24.  The  above  in  opposite  direction  to  resume  column 

of  fours. 


i.  Fours  left  (or  right),     2.  MARCH,     3.  Guide 

left  (or  right). 

i.  Fours  right  (or  left),     2.  MARCH, 
i.  Left  (or  right)  front  into  line,     2.  MARCH. 

28.  i.  Company,     2.  HALT. 

29.  FRONT. 

30.  i.  Right  (or left)  forward,     2.  Fours  right  (or left), 

3.  MARCH. 

31.  i.  Fours  left  (or  right)  about,     2.  MARCH. 

32.  i.  On  right  (or  left)  into  line,     2.  MARCH. 

33.  i.  Company,     2.  HALT. 

34.  FRONT. 

35.  i.  Fours   right,     2.    Column    right    (or   I'.ft),      3. 

MARCH. 

36.  i.  Fours  left,     2.  MARCH,     3.  Guide   right    (or 

left). 

37.  i.  To  the  rear,     2.  MARCH.     (Repeat.) 

38.  i.  Company,     2.  HALT. 

39.  i.  Right,     2.  DRESS. 

40.  FRONT. 

41.  i.  Right  (or  left)  hand,     2.  SALUTE. 

42.  i.  Break  ranks,     2.  MARCH. 

EXPLANATIONS. 

1 8  and  19.  i .  Incline  to  the  left  (or  right},  2 .  MARCH. 
i.  Forward,  2.  MARCH.  A  slight  change  of  direction 
as  for  clearing  an  obstacle  in  front  of  one  side  of  the 
column.  The  command  i.  Forward,  2.  MA R CH is  given 
to  resume  the  original  direction. 

22.  I.  Column  half  left  (or  right},  2.  MARCH.  A 
change  of  direction  forty-five  degrees  from  original  line 
of  march.  Repeat  command  for  practice  and  to  get  line 
where  it  is  wanted  for  further  work. 

27.  i.  Left  (or  right]  front  into  line,     2.  MARCH. 

28.  i.   Company,     2.  HALT. 


26 


29.  FRONT.  At  the  command  March  the  leading 
four  moves  straight  to  the  front,  dressing  to  the  right  if 
the  command  is  left  front,  or  vice  versa ;  the  other  fours 


1 

I 

"  1 

1 

1 

t:c:cT.: 

i 

»    r 


'  X 


'     I     »     '     '  /  x 

X  X 

x  X 


I     I    I    I    I 


'    '  '• 


Fig.  7. 


oblique  in  the  direction  indicated  in  the  command  till 
opposite  their  places  in  line,  when  each  marches  to  the 
front. 

At  the  command  Halt,  given  when  the  leading  four  has 
advanced  a  short  distance,  it  halts  and  dresses  as  indica- 
ted above.  The  other  fours  halt  and  dress  in  the  same 
way  upon  arriving  in  the  line.  The  command  Front  is 
given  when  the  last  four  is  in  place  and  has  dressed. 


32.  i.   On  the  right  (or  left)  into  line,     2.  MARCH. 

33.  i.   Company,     2.  HALT. 

34.  FRONT.     At   the  command  March  the   leading 
four  wheels  to  the  right  on  a  movable  pivot  and  moves 
forward,  dressing  to  the  right.     Each  of  the  other  fours 


H 
H 


•  -r-i- 

H 


marches  a  distance  equal  to  its  front  beyond  the  wheeling 
point  of  the  four  next  preceding,  wheels  to  the  right  and 
advances  as  explained  for  the  first  four. 

At  the  command  Halt,  given  when  the  leading  four  has 
advanced  a  short  distance  in  the  new  direction,  it  halts 
and  dresses  to  the  right ;  the  other  fours  halt  and  dress 
as  they  arrive  in  line.  The  command  Front  is  given  when 
the  last  four  has  come  into  line  and  dressed. 

35.  I .  Fours  right,  2.  Column  right  (or  left),  3.  MARCH. 
Execute  fours  right  and  then  change  direction.  The  first 
four  executes  right  about  (i 80  degrees)  and  marches  in 


28 


the  direction  it  is  then  facing;  the  remaining  fours  wheel 
on  the  same  ground. 

FANCY  MARCHING. 

There  is  a  range  of  figure  or  "  fancy  "  marching  to  much 
of  which  military  commands  are  not  applicable.  This 
style  of  marching  is  very  interesting  to  some  classes,  and 
may  occasionally  be  used  in  exhibitions  to  good  advantage. 
Brief  descriptive  commands  are  desirable. 

The  following  is  a  simple  series.  A  little  ingenuity 
will  suggest  many  interesting  figures. 


rv4Y'"i 

(7) 

T 

2, 

Z  I 

3 

2  i 

I     *     J 

__3  3      ii_ 

4  *»         |    /         * 

2   1 

W              4  3 

<»)      t 

*t  a  a,  i 

4  4             M 

53                 41 

I                 ¥ 

A                3 

r^     ti 

f  3  i  1 

?»       | 

o/)       ¥  s  a,  i 

^  3  a,  i  4-3  a  i 

i^    ^\ 

1                          ^ 

29 


Sixteen  is  a  good  number  for  this  drill.  A  square  from 
twenty  to  forty  feet  on  a  side  is  necessary,  preferably  the 
latter.  The  commands  are  as  follows,  the  diagrams  ex- 
plaining them : 

1.  FALL  IN  LINE. 

2.  FRONT. 


3  1 
3  & 


I  /    \  A 

a,x      V3 


r< 


f/fj 


3  2,  \ 


j 


M 


r/7) 


i  I 

A  I 
*3 


3  1 


K 
* 


13/3 


3.  Count  off  by  fours. 

4.  i.  Right,     2.  FACE. 

5.  i.  Forward,     2.  MARCH. 


6.  Changes  of  direction  to   bring  column   marching 
toward  leader's  platform. 

7.  Right  and  left. 

8.  Form  Twos. 


3  3 


t 

H    I 
*+   I 

>   M-    I     I 

3  A  A 
3  A 

V 


4-  If 


|     I- 


i  i  M  • 


9.  Twos  right  and  left. 

10.  Form  Fours. 

1 1 .  Fours  right  and  left. 

12.  Form  Eights. 


13.  Fours  right  and  left. 

14.  Fours  alternate. 

15.  Twos  right  and  left. 

1 6.  Twos  alternate. 


(2  V) 


7> 


<L      \J 


7 


d.      \J 


17.  Right  and  left. 

1 8.  Alternate. 

19.  Right  and  left.     (Fig.  7.) 

20.  Form  Twos.     (Fig.  8.) 


32 


21.  Twos  right  and  left.     (Fig.  9.) 

22.  To  center  (given  at  middle  of  sides). 

23.  To  sides  (meaning  middle  of  sides). 

24.  To  corners. 


y 


r 


MC) 


J 


-J 


^ 


JL 

'  1  [* 


25.  To  center. 

26.  Right  to  corners. 

27.  Right  to  corners 

28.  To  center. 


33 


29.  Left  to  corners. 

30.  Left  to  corners. 

31.  To  center. 

32.  Right  to  corners. 


. 

I 


f 


J 


J 


(W) 


'  -As 


33.  Left  to  corners. 

34.  To  center. 

35.  Right  to  corners 

36.  Left  to  corners. 


34 


37-  Left  to  middle, 

38.  To  center. 

39.  Left  to  sides. 

40.  Left  to  corners. 


v. 


I 

/     { 


(vr9 

^  T 


41.  Left  to  middle. 

42.  To  center. 

43.  Mark  time. 

44.  Left  Face. 


35 


45.  Right  Wheel. 

46.  Left  Wheel. 

47.  Company  Halt. 

48.  About,  Face. 


flit 
I  I  I  I 
I  I  I  I 
MM 

I    A-  3  «* 


A\\\ 

/fill 

/HIM 


49.  Left  Wheel. 

50.  Right  Wheel. 

51.  Left  Wheel. 


36 

52.  i.  Left  tangent, 

2.  Short  Step, 

3.  MARCH. 

53.  i.  Mark  time, 

2.  Close  order, 

3.  MARCH. 

54.  i.  In  single  column, 

2.  Left  about, 

3.  MARCH. 

POSSIBLE  CHANGES. 

The  following  is  suggestive  of  the  commands  which 
may  properly  be  given  when  the  men  are  in  any  given 
order.  Each  command  of  any  series  is  made  possible  by 
the  arrangement  indicated  at  the  beginning  of  the  series. 
The  commands  are  not  intended  to  follow  each  other. 

1.  From  line  at  halt. 

1.  Dressing  commands. 

2.  Facings. 

3.  Forward,  MARCH. 

4.  Backward,  MARCH. 

5.  Side  step. 

6.  Twos,  threes,  or  fours  right  (or  left). 

7.  Twos,  threes,  or  fours   right    (or  left),  column 

right  (or  left). 

8.  Twos,  threes,  or  fours   right   (or  left),  column 

right  (or  left)  about. 

9.  Right  (or  left)  forward,  fours  right  (or  left). 
10.     Front  take  distance,  MARCH. 

2.  From  line  in  march. 

1.  To  the  rear. 

2.  By  the  right  (or  left)  flank. 

3.  Twos,  threes,  or  fours  right  (or  left). 

4.  Twos,  threes,  or   fours    right  (or  left),  column 

right  (or  left). 


37 


5.  Twos,  threes,  or  fours   right  (or   left),  column 

right  (or  left)  about. 

6.  Right  (or  left)  forward,  fours  right  (or  left). 

3.  From  column  of  files  in  march. 

1.  Column  right  (or  left). 

2.  Column  right  (or  left)  about. 

3.  To  the  rear. 

4.  By  the  right  (or  left)  flank. 

5.  Form  twos. 

6.  Form  fours. 

7.  Oblique,  MARCH. 

4.  From  column  of  twos  in  march. 

1.  Column  right  (or  left). 

2.  Column  right  (or  left)  about. 

3.  Twos  right  (or  left). 

4.  Twos  right  (or  left)  about. 

5.  To  the  rear. 

6.  By  the  right  (or  left)  flank. 

7.  Form  fours. 

8.  Right  (or  left)  by  file. 

9.  Oblique,  MARCH. 

5.  From  column  of  fours  in  march. 

1.  Column  right  (or  left). 

2.  Column  right  (or  left)  about. 

3.  Fours  right  (or  left). 

4.  Fours  right  (or  left)  about. 

5.  To  the  rear. 

6.  By  the  right  (or  left)  flank. 

7.  Oblique,  MARCH. 

8.  Right  (or  left)  by  twos. 

9.  Right  (or  left)  by  file. 

10.  Right  (or  left)  front  into  line. 

11.  On  right  (or  left)  into  line. 


REFERENCES. 

For  the  convenience  of  those  wishing  to  study  the  sub- 
ject further  is  appended  a  partial  list  of  books  and  articles 
which  may  prove  helpful. 

Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  U.  S.  A. 

Light  Gymnastics,  Wm.  G.  Anderson. 

A  Primer  of  Physical  Training,  Wm.  G.  Anderson. 

School  Tactics,  Wm.  A.  Stecher. 

Figure  Marching,  Gymnast  and  Athletic  Review,  1893 
and  1894. 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 


AN     INITIAL    FINE     OF     25     CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RETURN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  SO  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY  AND  TO  $1.OO  ON  THE  SEVENTH  DAY 
OVERDUE. 


OCT  21 


1932 


60ct'5c 

1LR 


, 


16Apr'5lL! 


REC'D  L.O 

HP.1 


REC'D  LD 

JUL  2  3  1958 

v  ,v 

*-s  v** 
r^t^ 

APR  191960 


LD  21-50m-8,-32 


Gay  lord  Bros. 

Makers 
Syracuse,N.  Y. 

PAT.  JAN.  21,  1908 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


